经济发展阶段、结构变迁与资源诅咒

为了解释资源诅咒原理在现实中表现的不一致性,将经济发展阶段因素引入以构建自然资源禀赋影响经济发展的理论框架。理论框架的逻辑结论表明,在工业化初期,丰富的自然资源通过初级产品贸易促进经济结构的非农化变迁,成为经济发展的资源福祉;而在工业化初期之后,丰富的自然资源则通过“荷兰病”等机制阻碍经济结构变迁,成为经济发展的资源诅咒。基于我国省际数据的统计分析显示,经济较为落后的省份表现为资源福祉,而经济较为发达的省份则遭遇资源诅咒,实证分析结果与理论框架的逻辑是一致的。通过对经济结构的动态监测,可以将对资源诅咒的事后监测转变为过程监测,以利于采取相应项措施避免资源诅咒;政府应致力于产业结构的高级化和合理化,资源丰富区域在资源福祉期应为经济结构转型升级做好准备。     

Caregiver priorities for endpoints to evaluate treatments for Prader-Willi syndrome: a best–worst scaling

Abstract

Objectives: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with varying degrees of hyperphagia, obesity, intellectual disability, and anxiety across the affected individuals’ lifetimes. This study quantified caregiver priorities for potential treatment endpoints to identify unmet needs in PWS.

Methods: The authors partnered with the International Consortium to Advance Clinical Trials for PWS (PWS-CTC) and a diverse stakeholder advisory board to develop a best–worst scaling instrument. Seven relevant endpoints were assessed using a balanced incomplete block design. Caregivers were asked to determine the most and least important of a sub-set of four endpoints in each task. Caregivers were recruited nationally though patient registries, email lists, and social media. Best–worst score was calculated to determine caregiver priorities; ranging from 0 (least important) to 10 (most important). A novel kernel-smoothing approach was used to analyze caregiver endpoint priority variations with relation to age of the PWS individual.

Results: In total, 457 caregivers participated in the study. Respondents were mostly parents (97%), females (83%), and Caucasian (87%) who cared for a PWS individual ranging from 4–54 years. Caregivers value treatments addressing hyperphagia (score?=?7.08, SE?=?0.17) and anxiety (score?=?6.35, SE?=?0.16) as most important. Key variations in priorities were observed across age, including treatments targeting anxiety, temper outbursts, and intellectual functions.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that caregivers prioritize hyperphagia and, using a novel method, demonstrates that this is independent of the age of the person with PWS. This is even the case for parents of young children who have yet to experience hyperphagia, indicating that these results are not subject to a hypothetical bias.     

A dynamic mechanism and surplus extraction under ambiguity

We study the question of auction design in an IPV setting characterized by ambiguity. We assume that the preferences of agents exhibit ambiguity aversion; in particular, they are represented by the epsilon-contamination model. We show that a simple variation of a discrete Dutch auction can extract almost all surplus. This contrasts with optimal auctions under IPV without ambiguity as well as with optimal static auctions with ambiguity—in all of these, types other than the lowest participating type obtain a positive surplus. An important point of departure is that the modified Dutch mechanism is dynamic rather than static, establishing that under ambiguity aversion—even when the setting is IPV in all other respects—a dynamic mechanism can have additional bite over its static counterparts. A further general insight is that the standard revelation principle does not automatically extend to environments not characterized by subjective expected utility.     

甲状腺功能亢进症合并免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的5例病例临床分析

探讨甲状腺功能亢进症合并免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的患者服用丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)后对血小板的影响。停用丙基硫氧嘧啶,用地塞米松冲击治疗后,检测血小板计数。结果为所有患者的血小板均恢复正常。甲状腺功能亢进症患者体内抗体和自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的抗体具有部分同源性,抗甲状腺药物(PTU)对血小板也有破坏作用,因此,同时患有这2种疾病的患者,需选用对血小板影响小的药物,或者选用I131及手术治疗甲亢。     

浅述农作物病虫害防治标准

结合日本的农作物病虫害防治标准，浅述实施农作物病虫害防治标准，可使农作物生产实现优质安全，高产。     

基于Logistic方程的流行病随机模型教学研究

本文讨论了医学院校数学教学改革的必要性,并结合流行病随机模型理论,详细展示了现代医学科研新模式下的医学数学课堂教学过程,对实验结果进行了分析。同时,明确了新形势下医学院校数学教师的教学任务。